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Connecticut laws govern much of the landlord-tenant relationship, including security deposits, late rent, and evictions. Here's a breakdown of key laws that affect nearly all Connecticut landlords and tenants.
Connecticut landlords aren't allowed to charge rental application fees, nor can they charge move-in or move-out fees. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-4d (2024).)
A tenant screening report is a credit report, criminal background report, employment history report, or rental history report that a landlord uses to determine whether an applicant would be an acceptable tenant.
Connecticut landlords can obtain tenant screening reports for prospective tenants, but can't charge more than $50 (adjustable for inflation) for the report. Any landlord that charges a fee for a tenant screening report must provide the tenant with a copy of the report and a copy of the receipt from the entity that conducted the screening report. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-4d (2024).)
All landlords need to follow federal and state antidiscrimination laws when screening applicants for a rental. Federal fair housing laws prohibit landlords from discriminating on the basis of:
Connecticut law also bars landlords from discriminating on the basis of:
(Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-64c (2024).)
Connecticut is also one of the only states to prohibit discrimination on the grounds of a past conviction for possession of a cannabis-type substance or for a past conviction for possession of four or fewer ounces of cannabis plant material. (Landlords can prohibit smoking or vaping of cannabis at the rental, but can't prohibit its possession or consumption.) (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-9a (2024).)
For more information about Connecticut's fair housing laws, check out the website for the Connecticut Fair Housing Center.
Connecticut caps the amount of security deposit a landlord can collect based on the tenant's age.
(Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-21(b) (2024).)
Landlords must return the security deposit in full, plus interest, the later of no more than 21 days after the end of a tenancy or 15 days after receiving written notice of the tenant's forwarding address.
If the landlord keeps any of the security deposit to cover unpaid rent or damage to the rental, the landlord must provide the balance of the security deposit (if any) after the deductions, along with an itemized statement of the deductions.
If the landlord violates these laws, they are liable for two times the amount of the security deposit. (However, if the landlord only fails to pay interest, the landlord is liable for $10 or twice the amount of the accrued interest, whichever is greater.) If the failure to return the security deposit is intentional, the landlord can be liable for up to $250. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-21 (2024).)
In Connecticut, rent is due on whatever day the landlord and tenant agree to. However, Connecticut landlords do need to give tenants a grace period for paying rent.
Connecticut landlords can't consider rent late until nine days after the due date. if the lease or rental agreement gives the tenant a longer grace period for paying rent, the landlord must honor it.
A late fee can be assessed after nine days, but can't be more than the lesser of:
The landlord can't assess more than one late charge, regardless of how long the rent remains unpaid. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-15a (2024).) Landlords and tenants can't agree to waive the grace period. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-4 (2024).)
In many states, landlords must disclose specific information to tenants and potential tenants. Connecticut landlords must disclose information about:
Landlords must also offer the tenant the opportunity to conduct a walk-through of the rental at or after the time of signing a lease, but before the tenant moves in. The landlord must fill out a walk-through checklist prepared by the Commissioner of Housing. Both the landlord and tenant must sign the checklist, and each must get a copy. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-7c (2024).)
Landlords in all states, though, must follow federal lead-based paint disclosure rules.
Connecticut landlords can't require tenants to pay rent via electronic funds transfer—they must give tenants the option of other payment forms, such as cash or check. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-4c (2024).)
Connecticut landlords can't raise the rent during the term of a lease unless the lease specifically allows them to do so. For month-to-month tenancies, Connecticut doesn't specify an amount of notice landlords must give to raise the rent.
Although Connecticut doesn't have rent control, towns and cities in Connecticut with populations of 25,000 or more must adopt laws that create a fair rent commission. The purpose of these commissions is to respond to complaints that landlords are charging unfair rents. The commissions consider factors such as the rent for similar units in the area, the size of the unit, and the condition of the unit to determine whether the rent is fair. (Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 7-148b and 7-148c (2024).)
Like landlords in all states, Connecticut landlords must provide rentals that are safe and fit for human habitation. Specifically, Connecticut landlords must:
(Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-7 (2024).)
When a landlord fails to supply heat, running water, hot water, electricity, gas, or other essential service, the tenant must give notice of the problem to the landlord. The tenant can choose to:
If the tenant chooses to find substitute housing, the tenant doesn't have to pay rent during the time of the landlord's failure to provide the essential service. The tenant can also recover the actual costs of the substitute housing up to an amount equal to their rent. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-13 (2024).)
If you find yourself in a battle over a security deposit or repairs, small claims court is a good place to bring your grievance. Small claims courts in Connecticut can hear cases in which the plaintiff—the person suing—isn't asking for more than $5,000, and is asking the court only for money damages. Tenants who are seeking the return of their security deposit can request more than $5,000, though. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-15 (2024).)
Small claims court procedures tend to be simpler than those of regular courts, and although Connecticut allows parties to have lawyers, many people represent themselves.
Connecticut landlords must follow very specific rules and procedures in order to terminate a tenancy and then, if necessary, file an eviction lawsuit (also called a "summary process action" in Connecticut).
A landlord who wants to evict a tenant in Connecticut before the lease or rental agreement has expired must have cause—in other words, a legally valid reason to terminate the tenancy.
In Connecticut, reasons to terminate the tenancy before the lease expires include:
(Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-15 (2024).)
When a landlord wants a tenant to leave for one of these reasons, the landlord must first terminate the tenancy. This is done by giving the tenant notice—the type of notice depends on the situation.
This notice terminates the tenancy within three days—if the tenant doesn't move out ("quit"), the landlord can file an eviction lawsuit. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-23 (2024).)
The process for ending a tenancy without cause depends on the type of tenancy. Here's what needs to happen for month-to-month tenancies, tenancies with a long-term lease, and tenancies without a written lease or rental agreement.
If the tenant has a written month-to-month rental agreement, and the landlord wants the tenant to move out but doesn't have cause to end the tenancy, the landlord must give one the tenant a three-day notice to vacate. The notice must inform the tenant that the tenancy is ending in three days and that the tenant must move out by this date. If the tenant doesn't move out by the deadline in the notice, the landlord can file an eviction lawsuit. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-23 (2024).)
When a landlord wishes to end a fixed-term lease but doesn't have cause to evict the tenant, the landlord has to wait until the lease has expired before expecting the tenant to move. The landlord isn't required to give the tenant notice of the approaching end of the tenancy unless the terms of the lease require it.
Even though a landlord might have a valid reason to evict a tenant, the tenant can still choose to fight the eviction. For example, the tenant could claim that the eviction is the result of the landlord illegally discriminating, or is in retaliation for the tenant exercising a legal right.
Connecticut law also allows special protections for tenants who have experienced family violence or sexual assault. Some of these protections might provide a tenant with a defense against eviction. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-11e (2024).)
A tenant's decision to fight the eviction could increase the costs of the eviction, and it could result in the tenant having more time to remain in the rental. For these reasons, it's often in the best interests of both the tenant and the landlord to try to negotiate a compromise rather than head to court. Mediation is a common way for landlords and tenants to work issues out—check to see if your community has a low-cost or free housing mediation program.
Connecticut also has a statewide right to counsel program that provides free legal representation to income eligible tenants facing eviction.
Under Connecticut law, landlords can't take self-help measures to evict a tenant. For example, a landlord can't cut utilities to a rental, lock out a tenant, or remove a tenant's property from the rental without going through proper judicial process. Any landlord who does this is guilty of criminal lockout, which is a class C misdemeanor under Connecticut law. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-214 (2024).)
Landlords can always enter a rental with the tenant's consent or when there's a reasonable belief that there's imminent danger to lives or property.
Otherwise, under Connecticut law, landlords can enter a rental for the following purposes after giving the tenant written or oral notice of their intent to enter:
(Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-16 (2024).)
Tenants in Connecticut are required to notify their landlord if they're going to be gone from the rental for an extended period of time. During the time the tenant is away, the landlord may enter at reasonable times to inspect the rental, make repairs, or show the property. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-16a (2024).)
If you want to read the text of a law itself, such as state security deposit rules, start by checking citations for Connecticut landlord-tenant statutes. To access the statutes themselves, see the state section of the Library of Congress's legal research site or the Connecticut General Assembly's website. You can search the database by citation or, if you don't know the exact statute number, you can enter a keyword that is likely to be in it, such as "nonpayment of rent."
Cities and counties often pass local ordinances, such as rent control rules, health and safety standards, noise and nuisance regulations, and anti-discrimination rules that affect landlords and tenants. Many municipalities have websites—just search for the name of a particular city in Connecticut and then do a search when you're on the site.
State and Local Government on the Net and Municode (click on "Code Library" in the main menu) are good sources for finding local governments online. Also, your local public library or office of the city attorney, mayor, or city or county manager can provide information on local ordinances that affect landlords and tenants in Connecticut.
Congress and federal agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have enacted laws and regulations that apply to the landlord-tenant relationship in Connecticut. These laws and regulations address topics such as discrimination and landlord responsibilities to disclose environmental health hazards, such as lead-based paint.
The U.S. Code is the starting place for most federal statutory research. It consists of 53 separate numbered titles, each covering a specific subject matter. Most federal regulations are published in the Code of Federal Regulations ("CFR"). To access the U.S. Code and Code of Federal Regulations online, see the federal section of the Library of Congress's legal research site.
For more information on legal research, check out Legal Research: How to Find & Understand the Law, by Stephen Elias (Nolo). This nontechnical book gives easy-to-use, step-by-step instructions on how to find legal information.
You'll also find a wealth of information in Nolo's landlord-tenant books.